1. Creade a new directory.
2. Copy the following Makefile to it.
3. Create a blink.c file with the following content.
4. Say "make"
5. Conect your programmer to the USB port and to the Atmega8.
6. Say "make load"
7. Watch the LED blink.

• Edit the Makefile and make sure the FILE variable at the top is assigned with the name as the c-file you are trying to compile. Also check the ARDUINO_TOOL variable.
• If the "make" command cannot be found install the
• Apple Deeveloper Tools

FILE=blink
#MCU=atmega8
MCU=atmega168
ARDUINO_TOOLS=/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java/hardware/tools/avr
CFLAGS=-g -mmcu=$(MCU) -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Os -mcall-prologues
#DUDEOPTS=-c usbtiny -p m8   #atmega8
DUDEOPTS=-c usbtiny -p m168  #atmega168
 
 
all: $(FILE).hex
 
help: 
	@echo "Say \"make\" to compile (create .hex file)."
	@echo "Say \"make load\" to transfer program to microcontroller."	
	@echo "Say \"make clean\" to delete all build files."	
 
$(FILE).hex : $(FILE).out 
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avr-objcopy -R .eeprom -O ihex $(FILE).out $(FILE).hex 
$(FILE).out : $(FILE).o 
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avr-gcc $(CFLAGS) -o $(FILE).out -Wl,-Map,$(FILE).map $(FILE).o 
$(FILE).o : $(FILE).c 
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avr-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Os -c $(FILE).c
 
 
 
load: $(FILE).hex
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avrdude $(DUDEOPTS) -C $(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/etc/avrdude.conf -e -U flash:w:$(FILE).hex
 
 
crystalexternal:
    #this is atmega8 specific
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avrdude $(DUDEOPTS) -C $(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/etc/avrdude.conf -u -v -U lfuse:w:0xee:m
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avrdude $(DUDEOPTS) -C $(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/etc/avrdude.conf -u -v -U hfuse:w:0xd9:m
 
crystalinternal:
    #this is atmega8 specific
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avrdude $(DUDEOPTS) -C $(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/etc/avrdude.conf -u -v -U lfuse:w:0xe4:m
        # 0xe1=1Mhz; 0xe2=2Mhz; 0xe3=4Mhz; 0xe4=8Mhz;  
	$(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/bin/avrdude $(DUDEOPTS) -C $(ARDUINO_TOOLS)/etc/avrdude.conf -u -v -U hfuse:w:0xd9:m
 
clean:
	rm -f *.o *.map *.out *.hex

/*
* Blinking LED
*
*/
 
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#define F_CPU 1000000UL  // 1 MHz
#include <avr/delay.h>
 
 
void delay_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
	while(ms){
		_delay_ms(0.96);
		ms--;
	}
}
 
 
int main(void)
{
    //Init port C for output
    DDRC = 255;
 
    while (1) {
        //All pins on port C to high
        PORTC = 0;
        delay_ms(100);
        //All pins on port C to low
        PORTC = 255;
        delay_ms(1000);
    }
	  return(0);
}